@article {543,
	title = {Intragenus (Campylomormyrus) and intergenus hybrids in mormyrid fish: physiological and histological investigations of the electric organ ontogeny},
	journal = {Journal of Physiology-Paris},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	abstract = {<p>African weakly electric mormyrid fish show a high diversity of their electric organ discharge (EOD) both across and within genera. Thanks to a recently developed technique of artificial reproduction in mormyrid fish, we were able to perform hybridizations between different genera and within one genus (Campylomormyrus). The hybrids of intergenus hybridizations exhibited different degrees of reduced survival related to the phylogenetic distance of the parent species: hybrids of the crosses between C. rhynchophorus and its sister genus Gnathonemus survived and developed normally. Hybrids between C. rhynchophorus and a Mormyrus species (a more basal clade compared to Campylomormyrus s) survived up to 42 days and developed many malformations, e.g., at the level of the unpaired fins. Hybrids between C. numenius and Hippopotamyrus pictus (a derived clade, only distantly related to Campylomormyrus) only survived for two days during embryological development. Seven different hybrid combinations among five Campylomormyrus species (C. tamandua, C. compressirostris, C. tshokwe, C. rhynchophorus, C. numenius) were performed. The aim of the hybridizations was to combine species with (1) either caudal or rostral position of the main stalk innervating the electrocytes in the electric organ and (2) short, median or long duration of their EOD. The hybrids, though they are still juveniles, show very interesting features concerning electrocyte geometry as well as EOD form and duration: the caudal position of the stalk is prevailing over the rostral position, and the penetration of the stalk is dominant over the non-penetrating feature (in the Campylomormyrus hybrids); in the hybrid between C. rhynchophorus and Gnathonemus petersii it is the opposite. When crossing species with long and short EODs, it is always the long duration EOD that is expressed in the hybrids. The F1-Hybrids of the cross C. tamandua x C. compressirostris are fertile: viable F2-fish could be obtained with artificial reproduction</p>
},
	keywords = {Artificial reproduction, Campylomormyrus, Electric organ ontogeny, Hybrids, mormyrids},
	issn = {09284257},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jphysparis.2017.01.003},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0928425717300037},
	author = {Frank Kirschbaum and Nguyen, Linh and Baumgartner, Stephanie and Chi, Linda and Wolfart, Rene and Elarbani, Khouloud and Eppenstein, Hari and Korniienko, Yevheniia and Guido-B{\"o}hm, Lilian and Victor Mamonekene and Vater, Marianne and Ralph Tiedemann}
}
@article {480,
	title = {Comparative histology of the adult electric organ among four species of the genus Campylomormyrus (Teleostei: Mormyridae)},
	journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology A},
	volume = {201},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-04-2015},
	pages = {357 - 374},
	abstract = {<p>The electric organ (EO) of weakly electric mormyrids consists of flat, disk-shaped electrocytes with distinct anterior and posterior faces. There are multiple species-characteristic patterns in the geometry of the electrocytes and their innervation. To further correlate electric organ discharge (EOD) with EO anatomy, we examined four species of the mormyrid genus Campylomormyrus possessing clearly distinct EODs. In C. compressirostris, C. numenius, and C. tshokwe, all of which display biphasic EODs, the posterior face of the electrocytes forms evaginations merging to a stalk system receiving the innervation. In C. tamandua that emits a triphasic EOD, the small stalks of the electrocyte penetrate the electrocyte anteriorly before merging on the anterior side to receive the innervation. Additional differences in electrocyte anatomy among the former three species with the same EO geometry could be associated with further characteristics of their EODs. Furthermore, in C. numenius, ontogenetic changes in EO anatomy correlate with profound changes in the EOD. In the juvenile the anterior face of the electrocyte is smooth, whereas in the adult it exhibits pronounced surface foldings. This anatomical difference, together with disparities in the degree of stalk furcation, probably contributes to the about 12 times longer EOD in the adult.</p>
},
	issn = {0340-7594},
	doi = {10.1007/s00359-015-0995-6},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-015-0995-6},
	author = {Paul, Christiane and Victor Mamonekene and Vater, Marianne and Philine G.D. Feulner and Engelmann, Jacob and Ralph Tiedemann and Frank Kirschbaum}
}
