@article {645,
	title = {Reproduction and development in some species of the weakly electric genus Campylomormyrus (Mormyridae, Teleostei)},
	journal = {Environmental Biology of Fishes},
	volume = {100},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Dec-07-2016},
	pages = {49-68},
	chapter = {49},
	abstract = {<p>Reproduction in captivity of four species of the mormyrid genus Campylomormyrus was investigated. Cyclical reproduction was provoked by changing water conductivity (C) alone: decreasing C led to gonadal recrudescence, an increase induced gonad regression. Data on the reproduction and development of three species are presented. All three species are indeterminate fractional spawners. Spawning intervals ranged from 6 to 66 days in C. rhynchophorus, 10\&ndash;75 days in C. tshokwe, and 18 days in C. compressirostris (calculated values). Fecundities (eggs per fractional spawning) ranged from 70 to 1570 eggs in C. rhynchophorus, 100\&ndash;1192 in C. tshokwe, and 38\&ndash;246 in C. compressirostris. Spawnings/ovipositions occurred during the second half of the night; no parental care was observed; no special spawning substrates were necessary. C. compressirostris successfully spawned in breeding groups, C. rhynchophorus as pair. Agonistic behavior in the C. tshokwe pair forced us to divide the breeding tank; therefore, only ovipositions occurred. However, injection of an artificial GnRH hormone allowed us to obtain ripe eggs and sperm and to perform successful artificial reproduction. All three species produce yolky, slightly sticky eggs. Egg diameter ranges from 2.3\&ndash;3.0 mm. Hatching occurred on day 3, feeding started on day 11. Transition from larval to juvenile stage occurred at around 20 mm total length (TL). At this size C. rhynchophorus developed a higher body than the two other species and differences between the species in the melanin pigmentation of the unpaired fins occurred. Between 32 and 35 mm TL the upper and lower jaws started to elongate.</p>
},
	keywords = {Artificial reproduction, Behavior, Campylomormyrus, Cyclical reproduction, Environmental factors, Ontogeny},
	issn = {0378-1909, 1573-5133},
	doi = {10.1007/s10641-016-0554-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-016-0554-1},
	author = {Nguyen, Linh and Paul, Christiane and Victor Mamonekene and Bartsch, Peter and Ralph Tiedemann and Kirschbaum, Frank}
}
@article {543,
	title = {Intragenus (Campylomormyrus) and intergenus hybrids in mormyrid fish: physiological and histological investigations of the electric organ ontogeny},
	journal = {Journal of Physiology-Paris},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	abstract = {<p>African weakly electric mormyrid fish show a high diversity of their electric organ discharge (EOD) both across and within genera. Thanks to a recently developed technique of artificial reproduction in mormyrid fish, we were able to perform hybridizations between different genera and within one genus (Campylomormyrus). The hybrids of intergenus hybridizations exhibited different degrees of reduced survival related to the phylogenetic distance of the parent species: hybrids of the crosses between C. rhynchophorus and its sister genus Gnathonemus survived and developed normally. Hybrids between C. rhynchophorus and a Mormyrus species (a more basal clade compared to Campylomormyrus s) survived up to 42 days and developed many malformations, e.g., at the level of the unpaired fins. Hybrids between C. numenius and Hippopotamyrus pictus (a derived clade, only distantly related to Campylomormyrus) only survived for two days during embryological development. Seven different hybrid combinations among five Campylomormyrus species (C. tamandua, C. compressirostris, C. tshokwe, C. rhynchophorus, C. numenius) were performed. The aim of the hybridizations was to combine species with (1) either caudal or rostral position of the main stalk innervating the electrocytes in the electric organ and (2) short, median or long duration of their EOD. The hybrids, though they are still juveniles, show very interesting features concerning electrocyte geometry as well as EOD form and duration: the caudal position of the stalk is prevailing over the rostral position, and the penetration of the stalk is dominant over the non-penetrating feature (in the Campylomormyrus hybrids); in the hybrid between C. rhynchophorus and Gnathonemus petersii it is the opposite. When crossing species with long and short EODs, it is always the long duration EOD that is expressed in the hybrids. The F1-Hybrids of the cross C. tamandua x C. compressirostris are fertile: viable F2-fish could be obtained with artificial reproduction</p>
},
	keywords = {Artificial reproduction, Campylomormyrus, Electric organ ontogeny, Hybrids, mormyrids},
	issn = {09284257},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jphysparis.2017.01.003},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0928425717300037},
	author = {Frank Kirschbaum and Nguyen, Linh and Baumgartner, Stephanie and Chi, Linda and Wolfart, Rene and Elarbani, Khouloud and Eppenstein, Hari and Korniienko, Yevheniia and Guido-B{\"o}hm, Lilian and Victor Mamonekene and Vater, Marianne and Ralph Tiedemann}
}
