@inbook {633, title = {Exploration du Parc National de l{\textquoteright}Upemba Mission G.F. De Witte, Fascicule 73 Poissons}, booktitle = {Exploration du Parc National de l{\textquoteright}Upemba Mission G.F. De Witte}, volume = {73}, year = {1976}, publisher = {Fondation Pour Favoriser Les Recherches Scientifiques en Afrique}, organization = {Fondation Pour Favoriser Les Recherches Scientifiques en Afrique}, address = {Brussels}, author = {Poll, M.} } @article {603, title = {A morphological description of the sagittal otoliths of two mormyrids, Marcusenius macrolepidotus and Petrocephalus catostoma (Family: Mormyridae)}, year = {2000}, abstract = {

The morphology of the sagittal otoliths of two South African mormyrid fish, Marcusenius macrolepidotus and Petrocephalus catostoma, were studied to determine possible morphological significance. The sagittae of M. macrolepidotus and P. catostoma are kidney-shaped and oblong, respectively. The ventral margin is slightly indented in the former and slightly flattened in the latter. The sulcus acusticus of both species is archaesulcoid but mesial in M. macrolepidotus and ostio-caudal in P. catostoma. The crista inferior in M. macrolepidotus is ridge-like and well defined posteriorly and anteriorly, whereas in P. catostoma it is clearly defined posteriorly and disappears anteriorly. The otoliths of both species do not have a rostrum, antirostrum or an excisura. The differences in sagittal morphology between the two mormyrid species are distinct.

}, doi = {10.1080/15627020.2000.11407191}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15627020.2000.11407191}, author = {Nicolaai, N.N. and Jooste, A.} } @article {599, title = {The fishes and fisheries of the Ruaha River basin, Tanzania (systematics, ecology, zoogeography, fisheries)}, year = {1967}, pages = {19 pp.}, institution = {East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization}, address = {Jinja, Uganda}, author = {Matthes, H.} } @article {581, title = {Electrosensory prey detection in the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae), of a weakly electric mormyrid fish, the bulldog (Marcusenius macrolepidotus )}, year = {2000}, abstract = {

During their seasonal runs in the Okavango and other freshwater bodies in southern Africa, the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, specialises on the bulldog, Marcusenius macrolepidotus, as its main prey. We examined whether the catfish can locate bulldogs by detecting their pulse-type electric organ discharges (EODs). The electrosensory threshold for single-cycle, monopolar square-wave pulses was exceedingly low (down to 13 \µVp\–p/cm for 4-ms pulses) in trained, food-rewarded sharptooth catfish (n=4), confirming the results of Lissmann and Machin who were, however, unable to identify a biological function. Other stimulus pulse waveforms (single-cycle, monopolar as well as bipolar sine-wave pulses) were also effective stimuli according to their spectral low-frequency energy contents (0\– 30 Hz). Male bulldogs display an EOD pulse approximately 10\× the duration of female EODs (\≈0.5 ms). The C. gariepinus threshold for field-recorded playbacks of a male bulldog EOD (of long duration) was 103 \µVp\–p/cm, whereas the brief female and juvenile EODs were not detected (using intensities of natural EODs). EODs of other mormyrids were detected when either monopolar or of long duration. Signal source amplitude increased linearly with standard length (SL) in bulldogs. Signal reach, as calculated from signal source amplitude and receiver sensitivity, is up to 150 cm for a large male bulldog (SL 27.5 cm), and 83 cm for a male that has just turned sexually mature (SL 12.6 cm). Therefore, most bulldogs eaten by catfish are probably male, in agreement with the size distribution of bulldogs found in catfish stomachs. These results suggest that sharptooth catfish rely heavily on their acute electrical sense during hunting, and an important function for electroreception in an African catfish has been identified.

}, doi = {10.1007/s002650000232}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s002650000232}, author = {Hanika, S. and Bernd Kramer} } @book {568, title = {Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique auf Befehl Seiner Majest{\"a}t des K{\"o}nigs Friedrich Wilhelm IV in den Jahren 1842 bis 1848 ausgef{\"u}hrt.}, volume = {Zoologie. IV. Flussfische}, year = {1868}, pages = { i-viii + 1-116, Pls. 1-20.}, publisher = {G. Reimer}, organization = {G. Reimer}, address = {Berlin}, author = {Peters, W.} } @article {cite-key, title = {Diagnosen von neuen Flussfischen aus Mossambique}, journal = {Bericht {\"u}ber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlunreuss.Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin}, volume = {1852}, year = {1852}, pages = {273{\textendash}276, 681{\textendash}685}, keywords = {Alestes imberi}, author = {Peters, W.} } @book {902, title = {The fishes of the Nile}, series = {Zoology of Egypt}, year = {1907}, publisher = {Pub. for the Egyptian government by H. Rees, ltd.}, organization = {Pub. for the Egyptian government by H. Rees, ltd.}, address = {London}, doi = {10.5962/bhl.title.51710}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110263$\#$page/1/mode/1up}, author = {George A. Boulenger} } @article {608, title = {A revision of the genera and species of fishes of the family Mormyridae}, journal = {Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London}, volume = {1898}, number = {Part 4}, year = {1899}, pages = {775-821}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97095$\#$page/919/mode/1up}, author = {George A. Boulenger} } @inbook {121, title = {Catalogue of the Fresh-Water Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History)}, booktitle = {Catalogue of the Fresh-Water Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History)}, volume = {I}, year = {1909}, pages = {29-145}, publisher = {British Museum (Natural History)}, organization = {British Museum (Natural History)}, address = {London}, url = {https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37889609}, author = {George A. Boulenger} } @article {534, title = {Fishes collected by the Za{\"\i}re River Expedition, 1974-75}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {66}, number = {205{\textendash}249}, year = {1979}, author = {Banister, Keith E. and Bailey, Roland G.} } @book {159, title = {The Mormyridae and other Osteoglossomorpha (CD-ROM)}, series = {World Biodiversity Database, CD-ROM Series}, volume = {2000}, year = {2000}, publisher = {Springer Verlag, ETI-UNESCO}, organization = {Springer Verlag, ETI-UNESCO}, address = {New York}, issn = {Hyb: 3-540-14811-6}, url = {https://www.amazon.com/Mormyridae-Osteoglossomorpha-Biodiversity-Database-CD-ROM/dp/3540148116}, author = {Harder, W.} } @article {202, title = {Allopatric differentiation in the Marcusenius macrolepidotus species complex in southern and eastern Africa: the resurrection of M. pongolensis and M. angolensis, and the description of two new species (Mormyridae, Teleostei)}, journal = {Journal of Natural History}, volume = {41}, number = {9-12}, year = {2007}, pages = {647-708}, doi = {10.1080/00222930701250987}, author = {Bernd Kramer and P. Skelton and F. Herman van der Bank and Michael Wink} } @article {350, title = {Allopatric differentiation in the acoustic communication of a weakly electric fish from southern Africa, Marcusenius macrolepidotus (Mormyridae, Teleostei)}, journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology}, volume = {61}, year = {2006}, month = {12/2006}, pages = {385 - 399}, abstract = {

A few species of the weakly electric snoutfish, the African freshwater family Mormyridae, have been reported to vocalise. However, allopatric populations of a single species were never compared. Members of three allopatric Marcusenius macrolepidotus populations, originating from the Upper Zambezi River in Namibia, the Buzi River (Mozambique), and the Incomati River system in South Africa, vocalised with pulsatile growl- and tonal hoot sounds in dyadic confrontation experiments. A high rate of growling accompanied territorial and agonistic interactions and also non-threatening interactions between males and females, which in one pair appeared to be courtship. Growl sound characteristics of M. macrolepidotus from the Incomati system differed from those of the Upper Zambezi in a significantly higher frequency of the first harmonic (mean, 355 Hz vs 266 Hz). The two vocalising males from the Buzi River generated growls about twice as long as the other fish. Furthermore, the growl pulse period was about 4 ms in M. macrolepidotus from the Upper Zambezi River and from the Incomati system, but 6 ms in M. macro- lepidotus from the Buzi River. Hoots were only observed in agonistic encounters. Hoot oscillograms showed a sinusoi- dal waveform, and the mean duration of this sound was similar in Incomati system fish (mean, 161 ms), Upper Zambezi fish (172 ms) and Buzi fish (103 and 145 ms for\ the two vocalising individuals). The mean frequency of the first hoot harmonic was higher in Incomati system fish (326 Hz) than in Upper Zambezi fish (245 Hz). Both growl and hoot occurred only in the presence of conspecifics, probably signalling the presence and condition of an opponent, territory owner or potential mate. This is the first evidence for (1) sound production and acoustical commu- nication in another species and genus, M. macrolepidotus, from southern Africa to be (2) geographically differentiated.

}, issn = {1432-0762}, doi = {10.1007/s00265-006-0267-0}, author = {Lamml, Michael and Bernd Kramer} } @article {352, title = {Electric signalling and reproductive behaviour in a mormyrid fish, the bulldog Marcusenius macrolepidotus (South African form)}, journal = {Journal of Ethology}, volume = {23}, year = {2005}, month = {7/2005}, pages = {113 - 125}, issn = {1439-5444}, doi = {10.1007/s10164-004-0136-0}, author = {Werneyer, Martin and Bernd Kramer} } @article {876, title = {East{\textendash}west differentiation in the Marcusenius macrolepidotus species complex in Southern Africa: the description of a new species for the lower Cunene River, Namibia (Teleostei: Mormyridae)}, journal = {Journal of Natural History}, volume = {47}, year = {2013}, month = {09/2013}, pages = {2327 - 2362}, abstract = {

This paper critically compares the Southern African bulldog fish species Marcusenius macrolepidotus (Peters, 1852), inhabiting the eastern Lower Zambezi River, and Marcusenius altisambesi Kramer et al., 2007, inhabiting the central Upper Zambezi River, with bulldog fish samples from the western lower Cunene River, a 2600-km range from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic. The three species or forms are well differentiated in morphology and molecular genetics, and dif- ferentiation is also present in electric organ discharges. Marcusenius altisambesi and the Cunene sample, which we recognize as Marcusenius multisquamatus sp. nov., are closely related and form a sister taxon to M. macrolepidotus. This result is based on the analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences and genomic Inter-simple-sequence-repeat fingerprinting. Morphological adaptations to life in a torrential escarpment river seem to be present in M. multisquamatus sp. nov. when compared with M. altisambesi, which lives in a reservoir river that periodi- cally floods the savannah.

}, issn = {1464-5262}, doi = {10.1080/00222933.2013.798699}, author = {Bernd Kramer and Michael Wink} }