01616nas a2200133 4500008004100000245018500041210006900226300001200295490000700307520103900314100002901353700001801382856008201400 1996 eng d00aPhylogenetic relationships between eight African species of mormyriform fish (Teleostei, Osteichthyes): resolution of a cryptic species, and reinstatement of Cyphomyrus Myers, 19600 aPhylogenetic relationships between eight African species of morm a275-2900 v243 a

Phylogenetic relationships between seven elephantfish species from five genera (Mormyridae) that are endemic to southem Africa, and the Nile knifefish of the sister family, Gymnamhidae, were determined using biochemical genetic data, behaviour (the waveforms of the electric organ discharge), morphology, and habitat and food preferences. The results confirmed the existence of an undescribed species of Hippopotamyrus, and that H.ansorgii and H.discorhynchus are not congeners.These distinctions had been suggested by differences in electric organ discharge wavefonns and are here substantiated by morphological and genetic data. We recommend the reinstatement of Cyphomyrus discorhynchus (Peters, 1852). Genetic distance (D, Nei, 1972) values suggest confamilial genera (D average of 1.09 for all species studied, and 0.715 for southern African species), with the exception of the sympatric and congeneric species: H. ansorgii and H. sp. (D=0.423). Phylogenies based on morphological and electrophoretic data are congruent.

1 avan der Bank, F., Herman1 aKramer, Bernd uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305197896000269?via%3Dihub02046nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260001600228300001100244520130700255653001201562653003001574653002801604653001501632653001901647653001501666100001801681700002901699700001801728856007001746 2016 eng d a1608-591400aMarcusenius desertus sp. nov. (Teleostei: Mormyridae), a mormyrid fish from the Namib desert0 aiMarcusenius desertusi sp nov Teleostei Mormyridae a mormyrid fi cJul-03-2016 a1 - 183 a

We critically compared Marcusenius specimens from the mouth of the Cunene River on the Namibia/Angola border, a harsh desert environment on the Atlantic Ocean coast virtually devoid of aerial insects with aquatic larvae which are an important food item, with Marcusenius multisquamatus Kramer & Wink, 2013 from the escarpment region of that same river, in a relatively rich and productive subtropical savannah environment. River mouth specimens were differentiated in morphology and electric organ discharges, as determined by ANOVA/MANOVA comparisons, principal component and discriminant analyses on morphological and electrophysiological characters, and genetics, including sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, indicating reproductive isolation. Specimens from the river mouth differed from M. multisquamatus, their closest relatives, by having a shorter snout, a smaller eye diameter, and smaller nares separation. River mouth specimens were also differentiated from other, increasingly less-close relatives, such as M. altisambesi Kramer et al., 2007 from the Okavango River, Botswana, and from M. krameri Maake et al., 2014 from the Limpopo System, South Africa. We therefore designate the new species Marcusenius desertus sp. nov. for the Cunene River mouth population.

10aecology10aelectric organ discharges10agenetic differentiation10amorphology10aphylogeography10aspeciation1 aKramer, Bernd1 avan der Bank, F., Herman1 aWink, Michael uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/16085914.2015.113785502901nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001300041245023200054210006900286300001200355490000700367520218500374100001802559700002902577700002102606700002302627700001802650856005102668 2003 eng d a0378190900aEvidence for parapatric speciation in the mormyrid fish, Pollimyrus castelnaui (Boulenger, 1911) from the Okavango-Upper Zambezi River systems: P. marianne sp. nov., defined by electric organ discharges, morphology and genetics0 aEvidence for parapatric speciation in the mormyrid fish Pollimyr a47 - 700 v673 a

We report on parapatric speciation in the mormyrid fish,Pollimyrus castelnaui (Boulenger, 1911), from the Okavango and the Upper Zambezi River systems. We recognise samples from the Zambezi River as a distinct species, P. marianne, displaying an eastern phenotype of electric organ discharge (EOD) waveform (Type 3) that is distinct from the western EOD phenotype (Type 1) observed in P. castelnaui samples from the neighbouring Okavango. Samples from the geographically intermediate Kwando/Linyanti River (a tributary of the Zambezi that is also intermittently connected to the Okavango) presented a more variable third EOD phenotype (Type 2). In 13 out of 14 morphological characters studied, the Zambezi River samples differed significantly from P. castelnaui. Morphologically and in EOD characters, the Kwando/Linyanti fish are distinct from both P. castelnaui and P. marianne. Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene unambiguously reveals that specimens from the Zambezi River System form a well supported taxon which clearly differs from P. castelnaui from the Okavango (1.5–2.5% sequence divergence).Within specimens from theKwando–Zambezi System some geographic differentiation can be detected (nucleotide substitutions up to 0.6%); but groups cannot be resolved with certainty. Significant allozyme differences were found between the Okavango and all other EOD types from the Upper Zambezi System, and, within the Zambezi System, between the Kwando (Type 2) and Zambezi (Type 3) individuals. The low Wright’s fixation index values, the lack of fixed allele differences, and small genetic distances provide little evidence for speciation between groups within the Zambezi System, but moderate to great fixation index values and significant allele frequency differences were observed between the Okavango and the other fishes. It is concluded that within the Zambezi System, differentiation between Kwando/Linyanti and Zambezi populations (as revealed by morphology and EOD waveform comparisons) is so recent that substantial genetic (allozyme and mitochondrial sequence) differences could not have evolved, or were not detected.

1 aKramer, Bernd1 avan der Bank, F., Herman1 aFlint, Nicolette1 aSauer-Gürth, Hedi1 aWink, Michael uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/en/node/5500515nas a2200121 4500008004100000245016600041210006900207300001200276490000700288100001800295700002900313856005100342 2000 eng d00aThe southern churchill, Petrocephalus wesselsi, a new species of mormyrid from South Africa defined by electric organ discharges, genetics, and morphology0 asouthern churchill iPetrocephalus wesselsii a new species of mor a393-4130 v591 aKramer, Bernd1 avan der Bank, F., Herman uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/en/node/6100637nas a2200145 4500008004100000245023000041210006900271300001200340490000700352100001800359700001600377700002900393700001800422856005100440 2007 eng d00aAllopatric differentiation in the Marcusenius macrolepidotus species complex in southern and eastern Africa: the resurrection of M. pongolensis and M. angolensis, and the description of two new species (Mormyridae, Teleostei)0 aAllopatric differentiation in the Marcusenius macrolepidotus spe a647-7080 v411 aKramer, Bernd1 aSkelton, P.1 avan der Bank, F., Herman1 aWink, Michael uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/en/node/3600566nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210006900193260001200262300001100274490000700285100001800292700002900310700001800339856005100357 2004 eng d a1463-640900aHippopotamyrus ansorgii species complex in the Upper Zambezi River System with a description of a new species, H. szaboi (Mormyridae)0 aHippopotamyrus ansorgii species complex in the Upper Zambezi Riv c01/2004 a1 - 180 v331 aKramer, Bernd1 avan der Bank, F., Herman1 aWink, Michael uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/en/node/4901512nas a2200121 4500008004100000245020200041210006900243490000700312520097300319100001801292700002901310856005101339 2011 eng d00aThe Victoria Falls, a species boundary for the Zambezi Parrotfish, Cyphomyrus discorhynchus (Peters, 1852), and the resurrection of Cyphomyrus cubangoensis (Pellegrin, 1936) (Mormyridae: Teleostei)0 aVictoria Falls a species boundary for the Zambezi Parrotfish Cyp0 v453 a

Cyphomyrus discorhynchus occurs in the Zambezi River and in the linked systems of the Kwando and the Okavango. We collected specimens from both above and below the Victoria Falls and recorded Electric Organ Discharges. We found a marked degree of anatomical differentiation among the specimens from the Zambezi delta to the Victoria Falls that represents a subspecific, geographical cline, reflecting the great length (1400 km) and high ecological diversity of that river section (Lower and Middle Zambezi). We confirm that the populations above the Falls (i.e. Upper Zambezi, Kwando and Okavango) are differentiated from those below, possessing fewer dorsal fin rays (a median of 30-31 rather than 33-34). The waveforms of the electric organ discharge pulses have four phases and show geographic variation but were briefer for specimens from below the Falls. We resurrect Cyphomyrus cubangoensis (Pellegrin, 1936) for the Upper Zambezi/Kwando/Okavango system

1 aKramer, Bernd1 avan der Bank, F., Herman uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/en/node/2200618nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245021000055210006900265260001200334300001100346100001800357700002900375700001800404856005000422 2014 eng d a1464-526200aMarked differentiation in a new species of dwarf stonebasher, Pollimyrus cuandoensis sp. nov. (Mormyridae: Teleostei), from a contact zone with two sibling species of the Okavango and Zambezi rivers0 aMarked differentiation in a new species of dwarf stonebasher iPo c12/2013 a1 - 351 aKramer, Bernd1 avan der Bank, F., Herman1 aWink, Michael uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/en/node/6