01927nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245006100055210006100116260001600177490000600193520147300199100001901672700001601691700002001707856004201727       2023                        eng d  a2517-484300aHistology of Convergent Probing Appendages in Mormyridae0 aHistology of Convergent Probing Appendages in Mormyridae  cJan-01-20230 v53 a<p><jats p="">Mormyridae is an early diverging family of Teleostean fishes that produce an electric field for navigation and communication using an electric organ. This clade has a diverse array of soft-tissue rostral appendages, such as the chin-swelling, the Schnauzenorgan, and the tubesnout combined with a Schnauzenorgan, that have evolved multiple times. Here we assess if macroscopically convergent, soft-tissue rostral appendages are also histologically convergent. Further, we investigate how the histology of these appendages can inform their function. We sampled independent gains of the chin-swelling and Schnauzenorgan to understand similarities and differences in their anatomies. We show that macroscopically convergent rostral appendages are also convergent at a histological level, and different types of rostral appendages share a similar anatomy; that said, minor differences likely relate to their specific functions. Based on a comparison of the skeletal muscle distribution and the differing attachment shapes of each appendage to the dentary, we conclude that the Schnauzenorgan is capable of a wider range of movements than the chin swelling. Furthermore, the anatomy suggests that these soft-tissue rostral appendages likely function as electrosensory foveas (i.e., an appendage that focuses a sensory system). Lastly, these histological data support the hypothesis that the chin swelling may be a precursor to the Schnauzenorgan.</jats></p>
1 aPeterson, Rose1 aEvans, A, J1 aHernandez, L, P  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad00100486nas a2200109   4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260007500222300001100297100001600308856005200324       1967                        eng d00aThe fishes and fisheries of the Ruaha River basin, Tanzania (systematics, ecology, zoogeography, fisheries)0 afishes and fisheries of the Ruaha River basin Tanzania systemati  aJinja, UgandabEast African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization  a19 pp.1 aMatthes, H.  uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/en/node/599