00484nas a2200109   4500008004100000245017100041210006900212300001400281490000800295100002000303856005100323       1999                        eng d00aSystematic biology of gymnotiform and mormyriform electric fishes: phylogenetic relationships, molecular clocks and rates of evolution in the mitochondrial rRNA genes0 aSystematic biology of gymnotiform and mormyriform electric fishe  a1167-11830 v2021 aAlves-Gomes, J.  uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/en/node/6200429nas a2200121   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260001200204300001100216490000800227100002100235856005100256       1992                        eng d00aIndividual and sex specificity in the electric organ discharges of breeding mormyrid fish0 aIndividual and sex specificity in the electric organ discharges   c03/1992  a79-1020 v1641 aCrawford, J., D.  uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/en/node/6700547nas a2200145   4500008004100000245013800041210006900179300001200248490000800260653001500268100002200283700002400305700002100329856005100350       2000                        eng d00aMolecular systematics of the African electric fishes (Mormyroidea: Teleostei) and a model for the evolution of their electric organs.0 aMolecular systematics of the African electric fishes Mormyroidea  a665-6830 v20310aMormyridae1 aSullivan, John, P1 aLavoué, Sébastien1 aHopkins, Carl, D  uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/en/node/5900505nas a2200133   4500008004100000245012200041210006900163300001400232490000800246100002500254700002000279700002100299856005100320       2006                        eng d00aTime-domain signal divergence and discrimination without receptor modification in sympatric morphs of electric fishes0 aTimedomain signal divergence and discrimination without receptor  a2182-21980 v2081 aArnegard, Matthew, E1 aJackson, B., S.1 aHopkins, Carl, D  uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/en/node/4102927nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260001200272300001600284490000800300520233300308100002302641700002102664700002102685856005102706       2012                        eng d  a1477-914500aDifferential expression of genes and proteins between electric organ and skeletal muscle in the mormyrid electric fish Brienomyrus brachyistius0 aDifferential expression of genes and proteins between electric o  c07/2012  a2479 - 24940 v2153 a<p>Electric organs (EOs) have evolved independently in vertebrates six times from skeletal muscle (SM). The transcriptional changes accompanying this developmental transformation are not presently well understood. Mormyrids and gymnotiforms are two highly convergent groups of weakly electric fish that have independently evolved EOs: while much is known about development and gene expression in gymnotiforms, very little is known about development and gene expression in mormyrids. This lack of data limits prospects for comparative work. We report here on the characterization of 28 differentially expressed genes between SM and EO tissues in the mormyrid Brienomyrus brachyistius, which were identified using suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH). Forward and reverse SSH was performed on tissue samples of EO and SM resulting in one cDNA library enriched with mRNAs expressed in EO, and a second library representing mRNAs unique to SM. Nineteen expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified in EO and nine were identified in SM using BLAST searching of Danio rerio sequences available in NCBI databases. We confirmed differential expression of all 28 ESTs using RT-PCR. In EO, these ESTs represent four classes of proteins: (1) ion pumps, including the - and -subunits of Na+/K+-ATPase, and a plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase; (2) Ca2+-binding protein S100, several parvalbumin paralogs, calcyclin-binding protein and neurogranin; (3) sarcomeric proteins troponin I, myosin heavy chain and actin-related protein complex subunit 3 (Arcp3); and (4) the transcription factors enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) and myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A). Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to demonstrate the translation of seven proteins (myosin heavy chain, Na+/K+-ATPase, plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, MEF2, troponin and parvalbumin) and their cellular localization in EO and SM. Our findings suggest that mormyrids express several paralogs of muscle-specific genes and the proteins they encode in EOs, unlike gymnotiforms, which may post-transcriptionally repress several sarcomeric proteins. In spite of the similarity in the physiology and function of EOs in mormyrids and gymnotiforms, this study indicates that the mechanisms of development in the two groups may be considerably different.</p>
1 aGallant, Jason, R.1 aHopkins, Carl, D1 aDeitcher, D., L.  uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/en/node/1602948nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260001200272300001600284490000800300520235400308100002302662700002102685700002102706856005102727       2012                        eng d  a1477-914500aDifferential expression of genes and proteins between electric organ and skeletal muscle in the mormyrid electric fish Brienomyrus brachyistius0 aDifferential expression of genes and proteins between electric o  c07/2012  a2479 - 24940 v2153 a<p>Electric organs (EOs) have evolved independently in vertebrates six times from skeletal muscle (SM). The transcriptional changes accompanying this developmental transformation are not presently well understood. Mormyrids and gymnotiforms are two highly convergent groups of weakly electric fish that have independently evolved EOs: while much is known about development and gene expression in gymnotiforms, very little is known about development and gene expression in mormyrids. This lack of data limits prospects for comparative work. We report here on the characterization of 28 differentially expressed genes between SM and EO tissues in the mormyrid Brienomyrus brachyistius, which were identified using suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH). Forward and reverse SSH was performed on tissue samples of EO and SM resulting in one cDNA library enriched with mRNAs expressed in EO, and a second library representing mRNAs unique to SM. Nineteen expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified in EO and nine were identified in SM using BLAST searching of Danio rerio sequences available in NCBI databases. We confirmed differential expression of all 28 ESTs using RT-PCR. In EO, these ESTs represent four classes of proteins: (1) ion pumps, including the &alpha;- and &beta;-subunits of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, and a plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase; (2) Ca(2+)-binding protein S100, several parvalbumin paralogs, calcyclin-binding protein and neurogranin; (3) sarcomeric proteins troponin I, myosin heavy chain and actin-related protein complex subunit 3 (Arcp3); and (4) the transcription factors enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) and myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A). Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to demonstrate the translation of seven proteins (myosin heavy chain, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase, MEF2, troponin and parvalbumin) and their cellular localization in EO and SM. Our findings suggest that mormyrids express several paralogs of muscle-specific genes and the proteins they encode in EOs, unlike gymnotiforms, which may post-transcriptionally repress several sarcomeric proteins. In spite of the similarity in the physiology and function of EOs in mormyrids and gymnotiforms, this study indicates that the mechanisms of development in the two groups may be considerably different.</p>
1 aGallant, Jason, R.1 aHopkins, Carl, D1 aDeitcher, D., L.  uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/en/node/17