Boulenger, G. A. A revision of the genera and species of fishes of the family Mormyridae. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1898, 775-821 (1899).

Boulenger, G. A. Matériaux pour la faune du Congo. Poissons nouveaux du Congo. Première Partie. Mormyres. Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoology) 1, 1-20, Pls. 1-9 (1898).

Boulenger, G. A. Catalogue of the Fresh-Water Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History) I, 29-145 (British Museum (Natural History), 1909).

Poll, M. Les Poissons du Stanley-Pool. Annales du Musée du Congo belge. C.?Zoologie Série I. 4, 1-60 (1939).

Harder, W. The Mormyridae and other Osteoglossomorpha (CD-ROM). World Biodiversity Database, CD-ROM Series 2000, (Springer Verlag, ETI-UNESCO, 2000).