Fowler, H. W. Zoological results of the George Vanderbilt African Expedition of 1934. Part III,?The fresh water fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 88, 243?335 (1936).

Worthington, E. B. New species of fish from the Albert Nyanza and Lake Kioga. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London Pt. 3 99, 429?440 (1929).

Harder, W. The Mormyridae and other Osteoglossomorpha (CD-ROM). World Biodiversity Database, CD-ROM Series 2000, (Springer Verlag, ETI-UNESCO, 2000).