@article {629,
	title = {Histology of Convergent Probing Appendages in Mormyridae},
	journal = {Integrative Organismal Biology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jan-01-2023},
	abstract = {<p><jats p="">Mormyridae is an early diverging family of Teleostean fishes that produce an electric field for navigation and communication using an electric organ. This clade has a diverse array of soft-tissue rostral appendages, such as the chin-swelling, the Schnauzenorgan, and the tubesnout combined with a Schnauzenorgan, that have evolved multiple times. Here we assess if macroscopically convergent, soft-tissue rostral appendages are also histologically convergent. Further, we investigate how the histology of these appendages can inform their function. We sampled independent gains of the chin-swelling and Schnauzenorgan to understand similarities and differences in their anatomies. We show that macroscopically convergent rostral appendages are also convergent at a histological level, and different types of rostral appendages share a similar anatomy; that said, minor differences likely relate to their specific functions. Based on a comparison of the skeletal muscle distribution and the differing attachment shapes of each appendage to the dentary, we conclude that the Schnauzenorgan is capable of a wider range of movements than the chin swelling. Furthermore, the anatomy suggests that these soft-tissue rostral appendages likely function as electrosensory foveas (i.e., an appendage that focuses a sensory system). Lastly, these histological data support the hypothesis that the chin swelling may be a precursor to the Schnauzenorgan.</jats></p>
},
	issn = {2517-4843},
	doi = {10.1093/iob/obad001},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad001},
	author = {Rose Peterson and Evans, A J and Hernandez, L P}
}
@article {570,
	title = {Marcusenius paucisquamatus et Marcusenius conicephalus, deux esp{\`e}ces nouvelles du sud du Cameroun et du nord du Gabon},
	journal = {Revue Zoologique Africaine},
	volume = {90},
	number = {4},
	year = {1976},
	month = {12/1976},
	pages = {873{\textendash}882},
	author = {Taverne, L. and Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E. and Heymer, A.}
}
@book {159,
	title = {The Mormyridae and other Osteoglossomorpha (CD-ROM)},
	series = {World Biodiversity Database, CD-ROM Series},
	volume = {2000},
	year = {2000},
	publisher = {Springer Verlag, ETI-UNESCO},
	organization = {Springer Verlag, ETI-UNESCO},
	address = {New York},
	issn = {Hyb: 3-540-14811-6},
	url = {https://www.amazon.com/Mormyridae-Osteoglossomorpha-Biodiversity-Database-CD-ROM/dp/3540148116},
	author = {Harder, W.}
}
@inbook {152,
	title = {12. Mormyridae},
	booktitle = {The Fresh and Brackish Water Fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa},
	series = {Collection Faune et Flore Tropicales 42},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {220{\textendash}334},
	publisher = {IRD},
	organization = {IRD},
	chapter = {12},
	isbn = {978-2-7099-1621-9},
	author = {Carl D Hopkins and S{\'e}bastien Lavou{\'e} and John P Sullivan},
	editor = {Melanie L.J. Stiassny and Teugels, G.G. and Carl D Hopkins}
}
