@article {644,
	title = {Trophic ecology of the African riverine elephant fishes (Mormyridae)},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2024},
	month = {Aug-01-2024},
	abstract = {<p><jats p="">Multiple species of the elephant fishes (Mormyridae) commonly coexist in sympatry in most African tropical rivers and lakes. In this study, we investigated the trophic ecology and potential trophic niche partitioning of eleven mormyrid fish species from the Sanaga River system in Cameroon using the stable isotope composition of carbon and nitrogen in the muscle samples. Albeit most mormyrids mainly feed on invertebrates, we found differences in isotope ratios, and we report signs of the trophic niche partitioning among species. We further found significant differences in isotopic signatures within the <jats italic="">Mormyrus</jats> genus, suggesting ecological niche diversification among three closely related species. We have also evaluated differences in the isotopic signals between seasons in four species, which could be possibly caused by species migration and/or anthropogenic agricultural activities. To evaluate body shape, we applied geometric morphometric analyses, and we show that most of the species are clearly morphologically separated. We focused on the mormyrid ecomorphology to identify a possible interaction between shape and ecology, and we found a relationship between the \&delta;<jats sup="">13</jats>C (but not \&delta;<jats sup="">15</jats>N) isotopic signal and morphology, suggesting their interplay during mormyrid evolution. Overall, we present robust evidence of the trophic niche partitioning within the mormyrid species community, and we integrate trophic ecology with morphometrics, shedding light on the enigmatic evolutionary history of these fascinating African fishes.</jats></p>
},
	keywords = {mormyrids, stable isotopes, trophic ecology, trophic position, trophic resource portioning},
	issn = {2045-7758, 2045-7758},
	doi = {10.1002/ece3.70173},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70173},
	author = {Sommer, Gina Maria and Njom, Samuel Didier and Indermaur, Adrian and Nyom, Arnold Roger Bitja and Jandov{\'a}, Kate{\v r}ina and Kukla, Jaroslav and Petrt{\'y}l, Miloslav and Hork{\'a}, Petra and Musilova, Zuzana}
}
@article {cite-key,
	title = {Description of a new species of Mormyrus},
	journal = {Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London},
	volume = {1864 (pt 1)},
	year = {1864},
	month = {July},
	pages = {22 (Pl. 2)},
	keywords = {Mormyrus petersii},
	author = {G{\"u}nther, Albert C. L. G.}
}
@article {172,
	title = {Description of a new species of Mormyrus},
	journal = {Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6)},
	volume = {6},
	number = {32},
	year = {1890},
	month = {08/1890},
	pages = {193},
	url = {http://biostor.org/reference/66397},
	author = {George A. Boulenger}
}
@article {608,
	title = {A revision of the genera and species of fishes of the family Mormyridae},
	journal = {Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London},
	volume = {1898},
	number = {Part 4},
	year = {1899},
	pages = {775-821},
	url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97095$\#$page/919/mode/1up},
	author = {George A. Boulenger}
}
@inbook {121,
	title = {Catalogue of the Fresh-Water Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History)},
	booktitle = {Catalogue of the Fresh-Water Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History)},
	volume = {I},
	year = {1909},
	pages = {29-145},
	publisher = {British Museum (Natural History)},
	organization = {British Museum (Natural History)},
	address = {London},
	url = {https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37889609},
	author = {George A. Boulenger}
}
@article {913,
	title = {The Fresh-water Fishes of Liberia},
	journal = {Proceedings of the United States National Museum},
	volume = {92},
	number = {3152},
	year = {1942},
	pages = {301{\textendash}348. Pls. 35-36},
	chapter = {301},
	url = {http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15767025},
	author = {Leonard P Schultz}
}
@inbook {179,
	title = {Mormyridae},
	booktitle = {Faune des poissons d{\textquoteright}eaux douces et saum{\^a}tres de l{\textquoteright}Afrique de l{\textquoteright}Ouest = The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa},
	series = {Faune tropicale 28},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {122-184},
	publisher = {ORSTOM, MRAC},
	organization = {ORSTOM, MRAC},
	address = {Paris, Tervuren (Belgium)},
	url = {http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/Fau_trop/34060.pdf},
	author = {Bigorne, R.},
	editor = {L{\'e}v{\^e}que, C. and Paugy, D. and Teugels, G.G.}
}
@inbook {158,
	title = {Mormyridae},
	booktitle = {Faune des poissons d{\textquoteright}eaux douces et saum{\^a}tres de l{\textquoteright}Afrique de l{\textquoteright}Ouest},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {154-222},
	publisher = {IRD/MNHN/MRAC},
	organization = {IRD/MNHN/MRAC},
	url = {http://www.ird.fr/editions/catalogue/ouvrage.php?livre=409},
	author = {Bigorne, R.}
}
@book {159,
	title = {The Mormyridae and other Osteoglossomorpha (CD-ROM)},
	series = {World Biodiversity Database, CD-ROM Series},
	volume = {2000},
	year = {2000},
	publisher = {Springer Verlag, ETI-UNESCO},
	organization = {Springer Verlag, ETI-UNESCO},
	address = {New York},
	issn = {Hyb: 3-540-14811-6},
	url = {https://www.amazon.com/Mormyridae-Osteoglossomorpha-Biodiversity-Database-CD-ROM/dp/3540148116},
	author = {Harder, W.}
}
@inbook {152,
	title = {12. Mormyridae},
	booktitle = {The Fresh and Brackish Water Fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa},
	series = {Collection Faune et Flore Tropicales 42},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {220{\textendash}334},
	publisher = {IRD},
	organization = {IRD},
	chapter = {12},
	isbn = {978-2-7099-1621-9},
	author = {Carl D Hopkins and S{\'e}bastien Lavou{\'e} and John P Sullivan},
	editor = {Melanie L.J. Stiassny and Teugels, G.G. and Carl D Hopkins}
}
