02027nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260001600250490000700266520132500273653001701598653001901615653001701634653001401651653001301665100002101678700002401699856009801723 2018 eng d a1679-622500aA review of the systematic biology of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes, Osteoglossomorpha (Actinopterygii: Teleostei)0 areview of the systematic biology of fossil and living bonytongue cJan-01-20180 v163 a

The bony-tongue fishes, Osteoglossomorpha, have been the focus of a great deal of morphological, systematic, and evolutionary study, due in part to their basal position among extant teleostean fishes. This group includes the mooneyes (Hiodontidae), knifefishes (Notopteridae), the abu (Gymnarchidae), elephantfishes (Mormyridae), arawanas and pirarucu (Osteoglossidae), and the African butterfly fish (Pantodontidae). This morphologically heterogeneous group also has a long and diverse fossil record, including taxa from all continents and both freshwater and marine deposits. The phylogenetic relationships among most extant osteoglossomorph families are widely agreed upon. However, there is still much to discover about the systematic biology of these fishes, particularly with regard to the phylogenetic affinities of several fossil taxa, within Mormyridae, and the position of Pantodon. In this paper we review the state of knowledge for osteoglossomorph fishes. We first provide an overview of the diversity of Osteoglossomorpha, and then discuss studies of the phylogeny of Osteoglossomorpha from both morphological and molecular perspectives, as well as biogeographic analyses of the group. Finally, we offer our perspectives on future needs for research on the systematic biology of Osteoglossomorpha.

10aBiogeography10aOsteoglossidae10aPaleontology10aphylogeny10aTaxonomy1 aHilton, Eric, J.1 aLavoué, Sébastien uhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252018000300304&lng=en&tlng=en02604nas a2200217 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179260001200248300001200260490000900272520191100281653001102192653001702203653000902220653002402229653001502253653002202268653002002290100002402310856005202334 2016 eng d00aPetrocephalus leo, a new species of African electric fish (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Oubangui River basin (Congo basin)0 aPetrocephalus leo a new species of African electric fish Osteogl c06/2016 a319-3300 v41213 a

A new species of the African weakly electric fish genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae: Petrocephalinae) is described from the Oubangui (Ubangi) River basin, the principal right-bank tributary of the Congo River. Petrocephalus leo sp. nov. is one of the most distinctive species of Petrocephalus as it combines (among other characteristics) the absence of electroreceptive rosettes on the head with a unique melanin pattern. Only four other species of Petrocephalus lack all electroreceptive rosettes: Petrocephalus microphthalmus, Petrocephalus haullevillii, Petrocephalus schoutedeni, and Petrocephalus zakoni. Petrocephalus leo sp. nov. can be distinguished from these four species in having a distinctive black mark at the base of the pectoral fins (versus absent in P. microphthalmus, P. haullevillii and P. schoutedeni) and no subdorsal black mark (versus present in P. zakoni). A phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences shows haplotypes of P. leo sp. nov. are distinct, but are unexpectedly nested within P. zakoni haplotypes, making this latter species paraphyletic. To investigate this conflict between morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome b, a nuclear marker, the first intron of the gene coding for the S7 ribosomal protein, was sequenced. The presence of four diagnostic indels between P. zakoni and P. leo sp. nov. sequences supports the reciprocal monophyly of these two species. This is the first reported case of conflict between morphology and mitochondrial phylogeny within the genus Petrocephalus. Finally, three species of Petrocephalus are reported for the first time from the Oubangui region bringing the total of Petrocephalus species in this region to 12.

10aAfrica10acytochrome b10afish10amolecular phylogeny10amorphology10anuclear S7 intron10aPetrocephalinae1 aLavoué, Sébastien uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/50103856nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260001600258300001400274490000800288520299800296653003003294653000803324653002903332653000803361653002503369653001503394653001403409653001103423653002503434100002203459700002403481700002103505856005203526 2016 eng d a1313-298900aCryptomyrus: a new genus of Mormyridae (Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha) with two new species from Gabon, West-Central Africa0 aiCryptomyrusi a new genus of Mormyridae Teleostei Osteoglossomor cAug-02-2016 a117 - 1500 v5613 a

Abstract
We use mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data to show that three weakly electric mormyrid fish specimens collected at three widely separated localities in Gabon, Africa over a 13-year period represent an unrecognized lineage within the subfamily Mormyrinae and determine its phylogenetic position with respect to other taxa. We describe these three specimens as a new genus containing two new species. Cryptomyrus, new genus, is readily distinguished from all other mormyrid genera by a combination of features of squamation, morphometrics, and dental attributes. Cryptomyrus ogoouensis, new species, is differentiated from its single congener, Cryptomyrus ona, new species, by the possession of an anal-fin origin located well in advance of the dorsal fin, a narrow caudal peduncle and caudal-fin lobes nearly as long as the peduncle. In C. ona, the anal-fin origin is located only slightly in advance of the dorsal fin, the caudal peduncle is deep and the caudal-fin lobes considerably shorter than the peduncle. Continued discovery of new taxa within the “Lower Guinea Clade” of Mormyridae highlights the incompleteness of our knowledge of fish diversity in West-Central Africa. We present a revised key to the mormyrid genera of Lower Guinea.

Résumé
Nous avons démontré avec des marqueurs mitochondriaux et nucléaires que trois spécimens de poissons mormyridés faiblement électriques, collectés à trois localités au Gabon sur une période de 13 ans, forment une lignée inconnue au sein de la sous famille des Mormyrinae dont nous avons déterminé la position phylogénétique. Nous décrivons un nouveau genre et deux nouvelles espèces pour ces trois spécimens. Cryptomyrus, nouveau genre, se distingue des autres genres de mormyridés par une combinaison de caractères de l’écaillure, morphométriques, et dentaires. Cryptomyrus ogoouensis, nouvelle espèce, se distingue de sa seule espèce congénérique par sa nageoire anale qui commence nettement en avant de sa nageoire dorsale, son pédoncule caudal gracile et les lobes de sa nageoire caudale pratiquement aussi longs que son pédoncule caudal. Chez Cryptomyrus ona, nouvelle espèce, la nageoire anale commence légèrement en avant de l’origine de la nageoire dorsale, le pédoncule caudal est large, et les lobes de la nageoire caudale sont plus courts que le pédoncule caudal. La découverte ininterrompue de nouveaux taxa dans le «clade de basse Guinée» des Mormyridae illustre notre connaissance incomplète de la diversité des poissons de l’ouest de l’Afrique centrale. Nous présentons une clé révisée des genres de Mormyridae de basse Guinée.

10aAfrican freshwater fishes10aDNA10aelectric organ discharge10aEOD10aintegrative taxonomy10aMormyrinae10aphylogeny10ararity10aweakly electric fish1 aSullivan, John, P1 aLavoué, Sébastien1 aHopkins, Carl, D uhttp://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=713700614nas a2200145 4500008004100000245017900041210006900220300001200289490000700301653001500308100002400323700002200347700002100369856007800390 2003 eng d00aPhylogenetic utility of the first two introns of the S7 ribosomal protein gene in African electric fishes (Mormyroidea: Teleostei) and congruence with other molecular markers0 aPhylogenetic utility of the first two introns of the S7 ribosoma a273-2920 v7810aMormyridae1 aLavoué, Sébastien1 aSullivan, John, P1 aHopkins, Carl, D uhttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00170.x00547nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179300001200248490000800260653001500268100002200283700002400305700002100329856005100350 2000 eng d00aMolecular systematics of the African electric fishes (Mormyroidea: Teleostei) and a model for the evolution of their electric organs.0 aMolecular systematics of the African electric fishes Mormyroidea a665-6830 v20310aMormyridae1 aSullivan, John, P1 aLavoué, Sébastien1 aHopkins, Carl, D uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/5900520nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260000900232300001200241490000700253100002400260700002100284700001800305856005100323 2004 eng d00aThe Petrocephalus (Pisces, Osteoglossomorpha, Mormyridae) of Gabon, Central Africa, with description of a new species0 aPetrocephalus Pisces Osteoglossomorpha Mormyridae of Gabon Centr c2004 a511-5350 v261 aLavoué, Sébastien1 aHopkins, Carl, D1 aToham, Kamdem uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/4700558nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014000041210006900181300001200250490000700262100002200269700002400291700002500315700002100340856005100361 2004 eng d00aAFLPs resolve phylogeny and reveal mitochondrial introgression within a species flock of African electric fish (Mormyroidea: Teleostei)0 aAFLPs resolve phylogeny and reveal mitochondrial introgression w a825-8410 v581 aSullivan, John, P1 aLavoué, Sébastien1 aArnegard, Matthew, E1 aHopkins, Carl, D uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/5000507nas a2200193 4500008004100000020002200041245001900063210001800082260000800100300001400108490000600122100002100128700002400149700002200173700002800195700001800223700002100241856005100262 2007 eng d a978-2-7099-1621-900a12. Mormyridae0 a12 Mormyridae bIRD a220–3340 v11 aHopkins, Carl, D1 aLavoué, Sébastien1 aSullivan, John, P1 aStiassny, Melanie, L.J.1 aTeugels, G.G.1 aHopkins, Carl, D uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/3500617nas a2200145 4500008004100000245020900041210006900250260001200319300000900331490000900340100002400349700002200373700002500395856005100420 2010 eng d00aAfrican weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species0 aAfrican weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus Osteog c09/2010 a1-520 v26001 aLavoué, Sébastien1 aSullivan, John, P1 aArnegard, Matthew, E uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/2500749nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260001200222300001400234490000800248100002500256700002400281700002100305700002500326700002800351700002200379700002200401700002400423700002100447856005100468 2010 eng d a1537-532300aSexual Signal Evolution Outpaces Ecological Divergence during Electric Fish Species Radiation0 aSexual Signal Evolution Outpaces Ecological Divergence during El c09/2010 a335 - 3560 v1761 aArnegard, Matthew, E1 aMcIntyre, Peter, B.1 aHarmon, Luke, J.1 aZelditch, Miriam, L.1 aCrampton, William, G.R.1 aDavis, Justin, K.1 aSullivan, John, P1 aLavoué, Sébastien1 aHopkins, Carl, D uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/2603440nas a2200373 4500008004100000020001400041245016600055210006900221260001200290300001200302490000800314520221100322653002302533653002602556653002702582653002902609653002802638653001602666653003602682653002402718653001802742653002302760653002702783653002802810653002202838653001902860653002602879653001502905100002402920700002502944700002202969700002102991856005403012 2008 eng d a0928-425700aPetrocephalus of Odzala offer insights into evolutionary patterns of signal diversification in the Mormyridae, a family of weakly electrogenic fishes from Africa0 aPetrocephalus of Odzala offer insights into evolutionary pattern cJul-Nov a322-3390 v1023 a

Electric signals of mormyrid fishes have recently been described from several regions of Africa. Members of the Mormyridae produce weak electric organ discharges (EODs) as part of a specialized electrosensory Communication and orientation system. Sympatric species often express distinctive EODs, which may contribute to species recognition during mate choice in some lineages. Striking examples of interspecific EOD variation within assemblages have been reported for two monophyletic radiations: the Paramormyrops of Gabon and the Campylomormyrus of Lower Congo. Here, we describe a speciose assemblage of Petrocephalus in the Lekoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of Congo. This widespread genus comprises the Subfamily (Petrocephalinae) that is the Sister group to all other mormyrids (Mormyrinae). Eleven Petrocephalus species were collected in Odzala, five of which are not described taxonomically. We quantify EOD variation within this assemblage and show that all eleven species produce EOD waveforms of brief duration (species means range from 144 to 663 mu s) compared to many other mormyrids. We also present reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among species based on cytochrome b sequences. Discovery of the Odzala assemblage greatly increases the number of Petrocephalus species for which EODs and DNA sequence data are available, permitting a first qualitative comparison between mormyrid Subfamilies of the divergence patterns that have been described within lineages. We find that the Petrocephalus assemblage in Odzala is not a monophyletic radiation. Genetic divergence among Petrocephalus species often appears higher than among Paramormyrops or Campylomormyrus species. In contrast, results of this study and others Suggest that Petrocephalus may generally exhibit less interspecific EOD divergence, as well as smaller sex differences in EOD waveforms, compared to Paramormyrops and Campylomormyrus. We discuss possible causes and consequences of EOD diversification patterns observed within mormyrid subfamilies as a framework for future comparative studies of signal evolution using this emerging model system. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aadaptive radiation10acommunication signals10aelectric organ anatomy10aelectric organ discharge10aelectrosensory modality10afood-habits10agnathonemus-petersii mormyridae10amolecular evolution10apetrocephalus10apollimyrus-isidori10ariverine species flock10asexual signal evolution10asexual-dimorphism10aspecies marker10atype npp electrocytes10awave-forms1 aLavoué, Sébastien1 aArnegard, Matthew, E1 aSullivan, John, P1 aHopkins, Carl, D u https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2008.10.00303504nas a2200349 4500008004100000020001400041245015000055210006900205260000800274300001400282490000700296520244700303653002302750653000902773653001802782653002902800653003602829653001802865653001202883653002202895653001602917653001402933653002502947653002702972653001502999653001403014100002403028700002203052700002503074700002103099856003403120 2008 eng d a1010-061X00aDifferentiation of morphology, genetics and electric signals in a region of sympatry between sister species of African electric fish (Mormyridae)0 aDifferentiation of morphology genetics and electric signals in a cJul a1030-10450 v213 a

Mormyrid fishes produce and sense weak electric organ discharges (EODs) for object detection and communication, and they have been increasingly recognized as useful model organisms for studying signal evolution and speciation. EOD waveform variation can provide important clues to sympatric species boundaries between otherwise similar or morphologically cryptic forms. Endemic to the watersheds of Gabon (Central Africa), Ivindomyrus marchei and Ivindomyrus opdenboschi are morphologically similar to one another. Using morphometric, electrophysiological and molecular characters [cytochrome b sequences and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotypes], we investigated to what extent these nominal mormyrid species have diverged into biological species. Our sampling covered the known distribution of each species with a focus on the Ivindo River, where the two taxa co-occur. An overall pattern of congruence among datasets suggests that I. opdenboschi and I. marchei are mostly distinct. Electric signal analysis showed that EODs of I. opdenboschi tend to have a smaller initial head-positive peak than those of I. marchei, and they often possess a small third waveform peak that is typically absent in EODs of I. marchei. Analysis of sympatric I. opdenboschi and I. marchei populations revealed slight, but significant, genetic partitioning between populations based on AFLP data (F-ST approximate to 0.04). Taken separately, however, none of the characters we evaluated allowed us to discriminate two completely distinct or monophyletic groups. Lack of robust separation on the basis of any single character set may be a consequence of incomplete lineage sorting due to recent ancestry and/or introgressive hybridization. Incongruence between genetic datasets in one individual, which exhibited a mitochondrial haplotype characteristic of I. marchei but nevertheless fell within a genetic cluster of I. opdenboschi based on AFLP genotypes, suggests that a low level of recent hybridization may also be contributing to patterns of character variation in sympatry. Nevertheless, despite less than perfect separability based on any one dataset and inconclusive evidence for complete reproductive isolation between them in the Ivindo River, we find sufficient evidence to support the existence of two distinctive species, I. opdenboschi and I. marchei, even if not ’biological species’ in the Mayrian sense.

10aadaptive radiation10aaflp10aelectric fish10aelectric organ discharge10agnathonemus-petersii mormyridae10aintrogression10amarkers10amitochondrial-DNA10amormyroidea10aphylogeny10apopulation-structure10areproductive isolation10aspeciation10ateleostei1 aLavoué, Sébastien1 aSullivan, John, P1 aArnegard, Matthew, E1 aHopkins, Carl, D u://00025668710001001582nas a2200133 4500008004100000245017300041210006900214260001200283300001400295490000700309520105700316100002401373856005101397 2012 eng d00aPetrocephalus Marcusen, 1854 (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of the Bangweulu-Mweru ecoregion (Luapula River system, Congo basin), with the description of a new species0 aPetrocephalus Marcusen 1854 Osteoglossomorpha Mormyridae of the  c09/2012 a2159-21780 v463 aA recent collection of African electric fish of the genus Petrocephalus from the Bangweulu-Mweru ecoregion of the Congo basin comprises two endemic species, Petrocephalus squalostoma (Boulenger, 1915), which was previously known only from its type specimens and another specimen, and a new species described herein as Petrocephalus frieli sp. nov. An exclusive set of morphological characters distinguishes P. frieli sp. nov. from P. squalostoma and all other species of Petrocephalus from the Congo basin. Petrocephalus frieli sp. nov. can further be distinguished from the East African Petrocephalus catostoma catostoma (Günther, 1866) in having only 12 circumpenduncular scales (versus 15/16 in P. c. catostoma). A molecular phylogenetic analysis confirms the distinctiveness of P. squalostoma and P. frieli sp. nov. among a sampling of 18 species of Petrocephalus. Previous reports of Petrocephalus simus Sauvage, 1879 from the Bangweulu-Mweru ecoregion probably represent misidentifications and the occurrence of P. c. catostoma is not confirmed.1 aLavoué, Sébastien uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/1500459nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160260001200229300001200241490000900253100002400262856005100286 2011 eng d00aA new species of Petrocephalus Marcusen 1854 (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Sanaga River basin, Cameroon0 anew species of Petrocephalus Marcusen 1854 Osteoglossomorpha Mor c06/2011 a20–280 v29341 aLavoué, Sébastien uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/1902753nas a2200193 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160260001200229300001100241490000600252520212000258100002402378700001702402700002502419700002202444700002102466700002102487856005102508 2012 eng d00aComparable Ages for the Independent Origins of Electrogenesis in African and South American Weakly Electric Fishes0 aComparable Ages for the Independent Origins of Electrogenesis in c05/2012 ae362870 v73 a

One of the most remarkable examples of convergent evolution among vertebrates is illustrated by the independent origins of an active electric sense in South American and African weakly electric fishes, the Gymnotiformes and Mormyroidea, respectively. These groups independently evolved similar complex systems for object localization and communication via the generation and reception of weak electric fields. While good estimates of divergence times are critical to understanding the temporal context for the evolution and diversification of these two groups, their respective ages have been difficult to estimate due to the absence of an informative fossil record, use of strict molecular clock models in previous studies, and/or incomplete taxonomic sampling. Here, we examine the timing of the origins of the Gymnotiformes and the Mormyroidea using complete mitogenome sequences and a parametric Bayesian method for divergence time reconstruction. Under two different fossil-based calibration methods, we estimated similar ages for the independent origins of the Mormyroidea and Gymnotiformes. Our absolute estimates for the origins of these groups either slightly postdate, or just predate, the final separation of Africa and South America by continental drift. The most recent common ancestor of the Mormyroidea and Gymnotiformes was found to be a non-electrogenic basal teleost living more than 85 millions years earlier. For both electric fish lineages, we also estimated similar intervals (16–19 or 22–26 million years, depending on calibration method) between the appearance of electroreception and the origin of myogenic electric organs, providing rough upper estimates for the time periods during which these complex electric organs evolved de novo from skeletal muscle precursors. The fact that the Gymnotiformes and Mormyroidea are of similar age enhances the comparative value of the weakly electric fish system for investigating pathways to evolutionary novelty, as well as the influences of key innovations in communication on the process of species radiation.

1 aLavoué, Sébastien1 aMiya, Masaki1 aArnegard, Matthew, E1 aSullivan, John, P1 aHopkins, Carl, D1 aNishida, Mutsumi uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.003628704348nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245015600055210006900211260001200280300001200292490000800304520378200312100002404094700002204118856005004140 2014 eng d a1313-298900aPetrocephalus boboto and Petrocephalus arnegardi, two new species of African electric fish (Osteoglossomorpha, Mormyridae) from the Congo River basin0 aPetrocephalus boboto and Petrocephalus arnegardi two new species c04/2014 a43 - 650 v4003 a

Abstract A specimen of the African weakly electric fish genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha, Mormyridae) collected in the Congo River at Yangambi, Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of Congo, is described as a new species. Petrocephalus boboto sp. n. can be distinguished from other Central African species of Petrocephalus by a combination of the following characteristics: three distinct black spots on the body, one at the origin of the pectoral fin, one at the origin of the caudal fin and one below the anterior base of the dorsal fin; Nakenrosette and Khelrosette electroreceptor clusters distinct on head but Augenrosette cluster reduced in size; 23 branched dorsal rays, 34 branched anal rays, and electric organ discharge waveform triphasic. Petrocephalus boboto sp. n. most closely resembles the holotype of Petrocephalus binotatus but is easily distinguished from it by its smaller mouth. A comparative molecular analysis including 21 other Petrocephalus species shows Petrocephalus boboto sp. n. to be genetically distinctive and to represent a deep lineage in the genus. Two specimens of Petrocephalus collected at Yangambi are morphologically similar and genetically closely related to specimens previously assigned to Petrocephalus binotatus, collected in the northwestern Congo River basin within Odzala-Kokua National Park, Republic of the Congo. This prompts us to formally describe a new species from these collections, Petrocephalus arnegardi sp. n., that, although similar to the holotype of Petrocephalus binotatus, can be distinguished from it by its smaller mouth and shorter interorbital width. Résumé Un spécimen de poissons africains à faible décharge électrique du genre Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha, Mormyridae) collecté dans le fleuve Congo à Yangambi, Province Orientale, République Démocratique du Congo, est décrit comme une nouvelle espèce. Petrocephalus boboto sp. n. peut-être distinguée des autres espèces de Petrocephalus d’Afrique Centrale par la présence de trois distinctes taches noires, l’une à la base des nageoires pectorales, la seconde à la base de la nageoire caudale et la troisième sur chacun des flancs, juste en dessous des premiers rayons de la nageoire dorsale; présence bien visible de deux rosettes électroréceptives sur la tête (Nakenrosette et Khelrosette), la troisième rosette (Augenrosette) est de taille réduite; 23 rayons branchus à la nageoire dorsale et 34 rayons à la nageoire anale; et décharge électrique triphasique. Petrocephalus boboto sp. n. ressemble le plus à l’holotype de Petrocephalus binotatus mais s’en distingue par une bouche nettement plus petite. Une analyse génétique confirme la distinction de Petrocephalus boboto sp. n. parmi un échantillon de 21 espèces. Cette analyse montre également que cette nouvelle espèce représente une lignée distincte de Petrocephalus. Deux autres spécimens de Petrocephalus collectés à Yangambi sont morphologiquement et génétiquement proches de spécimens auparavant identifiés comme appartenant à Petrocephalus binotatus, collectés dans le Parc National d’Odzala-Kokua, bassin du Congo, République du Congo. Ceci nous amène à les décrire comme une nouvelle espèce, Petrocephalus arnegardi sp. n. qui peut-être distinguée de l’holotype de Petrocephalus binotatus par une bouche plus petite et un espace inter-orbitaire plus court.

1 aLavoué, Sébastien1 aSullivan, John, P uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/7