00608nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200300001400269490000700283100001700290700002100307700002500328700002200353700002300375856005200398 2020 eng d00aGenetic drift does not sufficiently explain patterns of electric signal variation among populations of the mormyrid electric fish Paramormyrops kingsleyae0 aGenetic drift does not sufficiently explain patterns of electric a911–9350 v741 aPicq, Sophie1 aSperling, Joshua1 aCheng, Catherine, J.1 aCarlson, Bruce, A1 aGallant, Jason, R. uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/65702770nas a2200181 4500008004100000245017600041210006900217260002000286300001400306490000800320520210100328100002302429700002502452700002202477700002202499700002102521856004602542 2011 eng d00aSignal variation and its morphological correlates in Paramormyrops kingsleyae provide insight into the evolution of electrogenic signal diversity in mormyrid electric fish0 aSignal variation and its morphological correlates in Paramormyro bSpringer-Verlag a799–8170 v1973 a

We describe patterns of geographic variation in electric signal waveforms among populations of the mormyrid electric fish species Paramormyrops kingsleyae. This analysis includes study of electric organs and electric organ discharge (EOD) signals from 553 specimens collected from 12 localities in Gabon, West-Central Africa from 1998 to 2009. We measured time, slope, and voltage values from nine defined EOD “landmarks” and determined peak spectral frequencies from each waveform; these data were subjected to principal components analysis. The majority of variation in EODs is explained by two factors: the first related to EOD duration, the second related to the magnitude of the weak head-negative pre-potential, P0. Both factors varied clinally across Gabon. EODs are shorter in eastern Gabon and longer in western Gabon. Peak P0 is slightly larger in northern Gabon and smaller in southern Gabon. P0 in the EOD is due to the presence of penetrating-stalked (Pa) electrocytes in the electric organ while absence is due to the presence of non-penetrating stalked electrocytes (NPp). Across Gabon, the majority of P. kingsleyae populations surveyed have only individuals with P0-present EODs and Pa electrocytes. We discovered two geographically distinct populations, isolated from others by barriers to migration, where all individuals have P0-absent EODs with NPp electrocytes. At two sites along a boundary between P0-absent and P0-present populations, P0-absent and P0-present individuals were found in sympatry; specimens collected there had electric organs of intermediate morphology. This pattern of geographic variation in EODs is considered in the context of current phylogenetic work. Multiple independent paedomorphic losses of penetrating stalked electrocytes have occurred within five Paramormyrops species and seven genera of mormyrids. We suggest that this key anatomical feature in EOD signal evolution may be under a simple mechanism of genetic control, and may be easily influenced by selection or drift throughout the evolutionary history of mormyrids.

1 aGallant, Jason, R.1 aArnegard, Matthew, E1 aSullivan, John, P1 aCarlson, Bruce, A1 aHopkins, Carl, D uhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-011-0643-801297nas a2200181 4500008004100000245007400041210006900115300001400184490000800198520073000206100002200936700001600958700001600974700001700990700002101007700002501028856006201053 2011 eng d00aBrain Evolution Triggers Increased Diversification of Electric Fishes0 aBrain Evolution Triggers Increased Diversification of Electric F a583–5860 v3323 a

Communication can contribute to the evolution of biodiversity by promoting speciation and reinforcing reproductive isolation between existing species. The evolution of species-specific signals depends on the ability of individuals to detect signal variation, which in turn relies on the capability of the brain to process signal information. Here, we show that evolutionary change in a region of the brain devoted to the analysis of communication signals in mormyrid electric fishes improved detection of subtle signal variation and resulted in enhanced rates of signal evolution and species diversification. These results show that neural innovations can drive the diversification of signals and promote speciation.

1 aCarlson, Bruce, A1 aHasan, S, M1 aHollmann, M1 aMiller, D, B1 aHarmon, Luke, J.1 aArnegard, Matthew, E uhttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.120152402316nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260001200229300001400241490000700255520178100262100002202043700002302065856007002088 2013 eng d a1563-526000aFrom Sequence to Spike to Spark: Evo-devo-neuroethology of Electric Communication in Mormyrid Fishes0 aFrom Sequence to Spike to Spark Evodevoneuroethology of Electric c09/2013 a106 - 1290 v273 a

Mormyrid fishes communicate using pulses of electricity, conveying information about their identity, behavioral state, and location. They have long been used as neuroethological model systems because they are uniquely suited to identifying cellular mechanisms for behavior. They are also remarkably diverse, and they have recently emerged as a model system for studying how communication systems may influence the process of speciation. These two lines of inquiry have now converged, generating insights into the neural basis of evolutionary change in behavior, as well as the influence of sensory and motor systems on behavioral diversification and speciation. Here, we review the mechanisms of electric signal generation, reception, and analysis and relate these to our current understanding of the evolution and development of electromotor and electrosensory systems. We highlight the enormous potential of mormyrids for studying evolutionary developmental mechanisms of behavioral diversification, and make the case for developing genomic and transcriptomic resources. A complete mormyrid genome sequence would enable studies that extend our understanding of mormyrid behavior to the molecular level by linking morphological and physiological mechanisms to their genetic basis. Applied in a comparative framework, genomic resources would facilitate analysis of evolutionary processes underlying mormyrid diversification, reveal the genetic basis of species differences in behavior, and illuminate the origins of a novel vertebrate sensory and motor system. Genomic approaches to studying the evo-devo-neuroethology of mormyrid communication represent a deeply integrative approach to understanding the evolution, function, development, and mechanisms of behavior.

1 aCarlson, Bruce, A1 aGallant, Jason, R. uhttp://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/01677063.2013.799670