01557nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260001200269300001400281490000700295520090000302100002701202700002201229700002301251700001701274700002101291856005101312 2007 eng d a1420-910100aAdaptive radiation in African weakly electric fish (Teleostei: Mormyridae: Campylomormyrus): a combined molecular and morphological approach0 aAdaptive radiation in African weakly electric fish Teleostei Mor c01/2007 a403 - 4140 v203 a

We combined multiple molecular markers and geometric morphometrics to revise the current taxonomy and to build a phylogenetic hypothesis for the African weakly electric fish genus Campylomormyrus. Genetic data (2039 bp DNA sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b and nuclear S7 genes) on 106 specimens support the existence of at least six species occurring in sympatry. We were able to further confirm these species by microsatellite analysis at 16 unlinked nuclear loci and landmark-based morphometrics. We assigned them to nominal taxa by comparisons to type specimens of all Campylomormyrus species recognized so far. Additionally, we showed that the shape of the elongated trunk-like snout is the major source of morphological differentiation among them. This finding suggests that the radiation of this speciose genus might have been driven by adaptation to different food sources.

1 aFeulner, Philine, G.D.1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aMamonekene, Victor1 aKetmaier, V.1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/3401684nas a2200169 4500008004100000245017400041210006900215300001200284490000700296520105000303100002701353700002201380700002301402700001701425700002101442856005101463 2006 eng d00aElectrophysiological and molecular genetic evidence for sympatrically occuring cryptic species in African weakly electric fishes (Teleostei: Mormyridae: Campylomormyrus)0 aElectrophysiological and molecular genetic evidence for sympatri a198-2080 v393 a

For two sympatric species of African weakly electric Wsh, Campylomormyrus tamandua and Campylomormyrus numenius, we moni- tored ontogenetic diVerentiation in electric organ discharge (EOD) and established a molecular phylogeny, based on 2222 bp from cyto- chrome b, the S7 ribosomal protein gene, and four Xanking regions of unlinked microsatellite loci. In C. tamandua, there is one common EOD type, regardless of age and sex, whereas in C. numenius we were able to identify three diVerent male adult EOD waveform types, which emerged from a single common EOD observed in juveniles. Two of these EOD types formed well supported clades in our phyloge- netic analysis. In an independent line of evidence, we were able to aYrm the classiWcation into three groups by microsatellite data. The correct assignment and the high pairwise FST values support our hypothesis that these groups are reproductively isolated. We propose that in C. numenius there are cryptic species, hidden behind similar and, at least as juveniles, identical morphs.

1 aFeulner, Philine, G.D.1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aMamonekene, Victor1 aKetmaier, V.1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/3901373nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260001200213300001400225490005000239520073700289100002701026700001401053700001801067700002201085700002101107856005101128 2009 eng d a0179-161300aElectrifying love: electric fish use species-specific discharge for mate recognition0 aElectrifying love electric fish use speciesspecific discharge fo c04/2009 a225 - 2280 v5209274193920411429159963514514555870202201913 a

A unique evolutionary specialization of African weakly electric fish (Mormyridae) is their ability to produce and perceive electric signals. Mormyrids use their electric organs discharge (EOD) for electrolocation and electrocommunication. Here we discuss the adaptive significance of the EOD in foraging (electric prey detec- tion) in light of recent results demonstrating that mormyrid fish mate assortatively according to EOD waveform characteristics (electric mate choice). Therefore the EOD as a single trait pleio- tropically combines natural divergent selection and reproductive isolation. Consequently we postulate the EOD as a “magic trait” promoting the diversification of African weakly electric fish.

1 aFeulner, Philine, G.D.1 aPlath, M.1 aEngelmann, J.1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/2801778nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001300041245015100054210006900205260001100274300001400285490000800299520118000307100002701487700002201514700002101536856005101557 2008 eng d a0928425700aAdaptive radiation in the Congo River: An ecological speciation scenario for African weakly electric fish (Teleostei; Mormyridae; Campylomormyrus)0 aAdaptive radiation in the Congo River An ecological speciation s c7/2008 a340 - 3460 v1023 a

he ultimate aim of this study is to better understand the diversification of African weakly electric fish in the Congo River. Based on a robust phylogenetic hypothesis we examined the radiation within the mor- myrid genus Campylomormyrus. Morphological traits relevant for the divergence between the identified species were detected. Among them, the variation in the shape of the trunk-like elongated snout sug- gested the presence of different trophic specializations. Furthermore, the chosen model taxon, the genus Campylomormyrus, exhibits a wide diversity of electric organ discharge (EOD) waveforms. A comparison of EOD waveform types and phylogenetic relationships showed major differences in EOD between closely related species. This indicates that the EOD might function as a reproductive isolation mechanism. In con- clusion, we provide a plausible scenario of an adaptive radiation triggered by sexual selection and assor- tative mating based on EOD characteristics, but caused by a divergent selection on the feeding apparatus. These findings point towards an adaptive radiation of at least some Campylomormyrus species occurring in the Lower Congo River.

1 aFeulner, Philine, G.D.1 aKirschbaum, Frank1 aTiedemann, Ralph uhttps://mormyrids.efishgenomics.com/fr/node/32