Petrocephalus squalostoma (Boulenger 1915)

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Diagnosis: Petrocephalus squalostoma is distinguished from all other Petrocephalus species of the Congo province by the following combination of characteristics: body coloration pattern without intense melanin mark, sometimes a faded subdorsal roundish mark present; short dorsal fin with 15-22 branched rays and 27-32 branched rays in the anal fin; more than 13 scale rows between the anterior base of the anal fin and the lateral line; and three distinct electroreceptive rosettes in the head (Ref. 91772). Body depth 32.9-33.5% of standard length; length of snout to posterior orbital rim of eye 40.9-44.1% of head length; predorsal length 66.7-67.3% of standard length; length of dorsal fin 16.0-17.4% of standard length; preanal length 59.8-60.3% of standard length; distance anterior base of pectoral fin to anterior base of pelvic fin 19.8-20.8% of standard length; caudal peduncle depth 34.6-38.8 of its length (Ref. 91771).Description: Body asymmetrically oval shape with long, prominent, arched back and deep body; head broadly rounded, with very short snout to posterior orbital rim, 40.9-44.1% of head length; head length 26.3-28.0% of standard length; eye diameter 22.3-25.7% of head length; small mouth ventrally located under the eye; head and body dorsolaterally compressed (Ref. 91771). Teeth small and bicuspid, 5-13 (median 11) teeth in a single row in the upper jaw, 16-23 (median 19) teeth in a single row in the lower jaw (Ref. 91772). Dorsal fin set far back, at about two-thirds of standard length from snout, starting above the fourth or fifth ray of the anal fin; 18-21 dorsal fin rays (Ref. 91771). Predorsal length 66.7-67.3% and preanal length 59.9-60.3% of standard length (Ref. 91771). Anal fin length 24.1-25.0% of standard length, longer than and opposite dorsal fin; 29-31 anal fin rays (Ref. 91771). Slender, subcylindrical caudal peduncle, with depth 34.6-38.8% of its length; its length 18.4-19.2% of standard length (Ref. 91771). Scales extending anteriorly to operculum and pectoral fins; 39-42 scales on lateral line; 12 circumpeduncular scales (Ref. 42540, 91771).Colour: homogeneously brown in preservation (Ref. 91771). Body background mostly silver-white/gold with metallic reflections, darker dorsally from the snout to the caudal peduncle (Ref. 91772). In a few specimens presence of a pale subdorsal roundish mark lying below the anterior base of the dorsal fin, on each side of the body (Ref. 91772). All fins whitish-yellowish, mostly translucent with fine black pigmentation on the lepidotrichia (Ref. 91772).

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorGert Boden, FishBase
Sourcehttp://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11019

Habitat and Ecology:

Habitat and Ecology

P. squalostoma is a demersal species.

Systems

  • Freshwater
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Sourcehttp://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/169422

Environment:

demersal; freshwater

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorPascualita Sa-a, FishBase
Sourcehttp://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11019

IUCN Red List Assessment:
Red List Category

DD
Data Deficient

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2010

Assessor/s

Moelants, T., Snoeks, J., Laleye, P. & Contreras-MacBeath, T.

Reviewer/s

Snoeks, J., Collen, B., Darwall, W.R.T., Ram, M., Smith, K. & Allen, D.J.

Contributor/s

Justification

This species is known only from the type locality, Lukinda basin, tributary of Lake Mweru and from Kafushia, Wiswila River, Luapula River system. The species may be more widespread than is currently known. More information is needed on the species distribution before an assessment can be made.

History

  • 2009
    Data Deficient (DD)
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Sourcehttp://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/169422

Population:

Population

Currently, there is a lack of detailed population numbers and the global trend is unknown.

Population Trend

Unknown
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Sourcehttp://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/169422

Threats:

Major Threats

There are no threats known to be currently affecting this species.
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Sourcehttp://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/169422

Data deficient (DD)

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorPascualita Sa-a, FishBase
Sourcehttp://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11019

Conservation Actions:

Conservation Actions

There are no conservation measures or actions known.
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Sourcehttp://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/169422

General Description:

Original description from Boulenger (1915):

Marcusenius squalostoma sp. n.

Hauteur du corps 2 et ¾ à 3 et 1/3 fois dans la longueur totale ; longueur de la tête 3 et ½ à 3 et ¾ fois. Museau très court, arrondi, dépassant très fortement la bouche, qui est située sous le milieu de l’œil ; œil 4 fois dans la longueur de la tête, 1 et 1/3 à 1 et ½ fois dans la largeur interoculaire. Dorsale 18-20, commençant au-dessus du 4e ou 5e rayon de l’anale. Anale 29-31. Caudale à lobes obtusément pointus. Pédicule caudal 2 fois plus long que haut, mesurant les 3/5 ou les 2/3 de la longueur de la tête. Ecailles 39-42 (10-11)/(15-17), 12 autour du pédicule caudal, Brun en dessus et sur les côtés, pointillé de noirâtre, blanc en dessous. Longueur totale: 80 millimètres.

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorLavoué, Sébastien, Lavoué, Sébastien, Africhthy
Sourcehttp://mormyrids.lifedesks.org/pages/2242

Importance:

fisheries:

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorPascualita Sa-a, FishBase
Sourcehttp://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11019
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith